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Here we use a novel approach for quantifying continuous thickness and cross-sectional geometric properties of long bones in order to test explicit hypotheses about loading histories and diaphyseal structure of adult chimpanzee, gorilla, and human first metatarsals. Human feet differ substantially from those of other apes in terms of loading histories when comparing the path of the center of pressure during stance phase, which reflects different weight transfer mechanisms. The first metatarsal, as a cornerstone structure of the foot, presumably expresses diaphyseal morphology that reflects loading history of the foot during stance phase of gait. To use the new C compilation feature in Mathematica 9, a C compiler is required to be present.Diaphyseal morphology of long bones, in part, reflects in vivo loads experienced during the lifetime of an individual. Regular tests are run on both enterprise and popular open-source Linux distributions. Mathematica supports an X Window System front end, and since Version 7 has used the Qt application framework for its user interface-the same used by the major Linux desktop environment KDE. It is likely that Mathematica will run successfully on other distributions based on the Linux kernel 2.6 or later. On new Linux distributions, additional compatibility libraries may need to be installed. Mathematica 9 has been fully tested on the Linux distributions listed above. Mathematica 9 will run on 64-bit Intel Macs only. Mac users on Intel systems with Mac OS X 10.6 or later require Java SE 6 to run the latest version of Mathematica. Mathematica 9 runs on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems where available. Mathematica 9 is available on the following platforms: Windows GPU: To use Mathematica 9’s built-in GPU computing capabilities, you’ll need a graphics card that supports OpenCL or CUDA, such as many cards from NVIDIA, AMD, and others.Internet Access: Required in order to use free-form linguistic input and computable data functionality.